Control  , analysis, and testing

CHEMICAL ANALYSIS OF PLATING

SOLUTIONS

Contents

Table I. Problems Caused by Unequa| Anode and …………………………………..…… 436

VOLUMETRIC METHODS …………………………………….………………………………438

GRAVIMETRIC METHODS ………………………………………………………………….. 438

INSTRUMENTAL METHODS …………………………………………………….……….…. 438

SPECTROSCOPIC METHODS ……………………………………………………….…….. 439

PHOTOMETRIC METHODS …………………………………………………….……….….. 442

ELECTROANALYTICAL METHODS ………………………………………………....……. 445

Table II. Reactions That Can Be Analyzed by Amperometry …………………….…….. 447

Table IlL Molarities and Normalities of Standard Solutions ……………………….…..… 448

SAMPLING …………………………………………………………………………………...... 449

STANDARD SOLUTIONS, REAGENTS, AND INDICATORS FOR WET METHODS… 449

Table IV. Standardization of Standard Solutions ……………………………………….…. 450

Table IV.  Standardization   of Standard   Solutions (cont.) …………………………..…. 451

SAFETY ………………………………………………………………………………………… 452

DETERMINATION OF CATHODE EFFICIENCY ……………………………………..…... 452

Table V. Indicators for Analyses …………………………………………………….……… 453

Table VI. Reagents for Analyses ……………………………………………………………. 453

Table VI. Reagents for Analyses - Con't …………………………………………………… 453

TaMe VII. Properties of Reagent Grade Acids ……………………………………….……. 454

Table VIII. Test Methods for Electroplating Solutions ……………………………......…… 455

Table IX. Test Methods for Electroless Plating Solutions ……………………….………… 472

Table X. Test Methods for Anodizing Solutions ……………………………………..……… 473

Table XI. Test Methods for Acid Dips and Eiectropolishing Solutions ……………….….. 474

Table Xl.  Test Methods for Acid Dips and ElectropoUshing Solutions (cont.) …………. 475

Table XII. Test Methods for Alkaline Cleaners ……………………………………………… 476

Table  Xll.  Test Methods for Alkaline Cleaners (cont.) ………………………………….. 477

Table XIII. Atternate Method for Chromic Acid ………………………………………...…….478

Table XIV. Alternate Method for Copper Sulfate …………………………………………… 479

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